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Biodegradable microparticles (MPs) were prepared to contain dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA) and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-6. The conformational integrity of these MPs was examined by scanning electron microscopy. DNP-BSA was evaluated, postentrapment, by a bicinchoninic acid assay, SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, Western blotting, ELISA and spectrophotometric analysis...
We investigated the potential of a herpesvirus of turkey (HVT)-based recombinant virus (rHVT) as an in ovo vaccine to protect specific-pathogen-free chickens against Newcastle disease (ND) and Marek's disease (MD). The rHVT, designed to express fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoproteins of the lentogenic Hitchner B1 strain of ND virus (NDV), as well as glycoproteins A and B of...
For the rational design of synthetic vaccines, a potential immunogen must contain the appropriate helper T-cell and B-cell determinants to elicit a strong and relevant immune response. In this study we describe a method for the assembly of antigenic determinants from influenza virus hemagglutinin onto a lysine-based support, resulting in dimeric and trimeric constructs bearing both T-cell and B-cell...
The N2 neuraminidase gene of A/Victoria/3/75 influenza virus was engineered to encode a secretable protein (NAs) by replacing the natural N-terminal membrane anchor sequence with the cleavable signal sequence of the corresponding influenza hemagglutinin gene. Soluble NAs was expressed by a baculovirus/insect cell system and accumulated in the medium at levels between 6 and 8 μg ml -1 ...
We have shown in a previous study that the proliferative CD4 + T-cell response to the regulatory immediate-early protein IE1 was a major component of the overall anti viral response in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) seropositive blood donors. This viral antigen may be valuable in subunit vaccine design, since anti IE1 CD4 + T cells might provide help for production of antibodies and...
This paper reviews various aspects of efficacy, and methods for assaying the potency of modified live viral vaccines. The pros and cons of parametric versus non-parametric methods for analysis of potency assays are discussed and critical levels of protection, as determined by the target(s) of vaccination, are exemplified. Recommendations are presented for designing potency assays on master virus...
Vibrio cholerae CVD103-HgR, the first live attenuated vaccine licensed for human use produced by recombinant DNA technology, was genetically compared to its parent strains 569B and CVD103. The genetic stability for both lyophilized vaccine in final container form and for viable organisms shed from vaccinees was determined. Results obtained lead us to conclude: (i) the genetic composition of the...
The responses of young (8 week) and old (18 month) mice to influenza vaccine with and without the potent emulsion adjuvant MF59 were compared. In influenza naive mice, vaccine-specific antibody and T-cell proliferation were significantly lower in the old group compared to the young group. Post-immunization cytokine levels and antibody isotype profiles were different in the old compared to the young...
In order to protect domestic and wild rabbits against RVHD, we constructed a recombinant vaccinia-RHDV virus, using the Copenhagen strain of the vaccinia virus. This recombinant virus expressed the RHDV capsid protein (VP60). Analysis of the expressed product showed that the recombinant protein, which is 60 kDa in size, was antigenic as revealed by its reactions in immunoprecipitation and indirect...
A study of immunogenicity and efficacy of Street Alabama Gif (SAG-2) attenuated rabies virus vaccine in laboratory beagles was conducted. Four groups of ten dogs each received either 1.0 ml of SAG-2 orally on the tongue or 1.5 ml in baits. On day 180 postvaccination, all dogs were challenged with a street rabies virus. The antibody response in groups that received the vaccine directly on the tongue...
We report the results of the handsearch of all the issues of Vaccine from 1983 to 1994 to identify randomized and controlled clinical trials (RCTs and CCTs) with the aim of setting up a Cochrane data base of vaccine trials. We read 1119 original papers and located 231 trials of which 117 (50.6%) were RCTs and 114 (49.4%) were CCTs. This compared with a MEDLINE search yield of only 60 trials (25...
A total of 2036 persons consulting vaccination centers in Germany were vaccinated with an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (containing 720 ELISA units of antigen) either according to the standard schedule (two vaccinations given 4 weeks apart) or to an abbreviated schedule (two vaccinations given 2 weeks apart) in a controlled clinical study. The abbreviated schedule induced a similar rate of seroconversion...
Passive immunization of mice with 131 μg of the non-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) 18A2B2, directed against the A subgroup epitope of the G glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus Long strain (RSV), confers protection against viral i.n. challenge. The role of the Fc fragment of this antibody as well as the involvement of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-mediated...
Live vaccines based on BRD509, an attenuated S. typhimurium (aroA, aroD) strain, were constructed that directed the expression of hepatitis B core antigen particles (HBcAg) (BRD969) or HBcAg harbouring human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein sequences (BRD974), under the control of the in vivo inducible nirB promoter. These strains were used to orally or intravenously immunise different inbred mouse...
This study was designed to determine the effect of Type II diabetes mellitus in older adults on two measures of the cell-mediated immune response to influenza vaccination. Twenty-two elderly persons with diabetes mellitus were compared to 20 healthy seniors, all of whom were living independently in the community. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were challenged in vitro with live influenza...
To examine the effect of MDP-Lys (L18), a derivative of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), as a mucosal immunoadjuvant, we investigated its activity to augment host resistance against mucosal infections by Sendai virus and rotavirus in mice. In an experimental infection model that suckling mice (10-day-old) were inoculated perorally (p.o.) with 1.5 10 6 p.f.u. mouse -1 of rotavirus...
A cost-effectiveness analysis of a vaccination program against Haemophilus influenzaetype b (Hib) was conducted using French epidemiological data. The vaccine would be added as a fifth valence to the tetravalent vaccines (DTCP) widely used in France. The permanent sequelae of the Hib invasive diseases which might be avoided by vaccination were weighted to determine Quality Adjusted Life Years gained...
The influence of concurrent upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) on immune response to MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine was evaluated by measuring IgG levels for each viral component immediately before vaccination and 6 months after vaccination in 198 12-month-old children (101 children without URTI and 97 with URTI at time of vaccination). None of the children had antibodies to measles,...
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